The Behemoth Archive: Avebury and Abraxas
Posted on July 6th, 2007 in Earth Mysteries by bc_fairhall || No Comment

This might just be good time to step back from the manipulation and violence of the Middle East and return to the consideration of a very English mystery. One to be found amidst the sarsen stones of Avebury, the Wiltshire henge of great antiquity and sanctity; whose quarters are still open to all, and whose holy places have not yet been spliced or apportioned by officialdom. (Discounting the presence of UNESCO.) That this miraculous state of affairs is maintained is largely due to the presence of a village plumb in the centre of the complex; and the efforts of a small army of visitors and volunteers who ensure the spirit of life which inhabits the site stays protected. Should this situation ever change, we will all be in trouble; far more so than at present, for the importance of this place is immeasurable.
Amidst the powerful reminders of her prehistoric past, two churches nestle in close vicinity. The United Reform Church stands roughly at the centre of the outer circle itself and is made from stone material salvaged from the partial destruction of the monument in the eighteenth century. The Parish Church of St. James stands just beyond the henge, on the High Street; and is of course, much older. The first recorded church to be built on the spot dates from Saxon times (around 900-1000 AD.)
The church’s own guidebooks lists the surviving features from this first church as two window ranges found in the nave. According to the writer Esther Smith, however, there is a third : the font. That makes it around a thousand years old; and still on display, positioned (propitiously?) beneath the tower in the western end, freely available for anyone and all to come and marvel at. It is a thing of simple, even childlike, beauty: ruddy, stout, honest. But though many may look, few, it would seem, will comprehend. A brief analysis of the studies made of its enigmatic markings- added some two hundred years later- appears to confirm this.
The guidebook records the opinion of Professor George Zarnecki of the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London; which is well worth repeating:
‘The figure holding the book and crosier was obviously carved by a very rustic sculptor who, I imagine, took as his model something he saw in a painting or ivory carving, but he somewhat misunderstood his model. The trampling on two dragons was a popular one in the middle ages and it always represents Christ. There is such a representation, for instance, on the famous Ruthwell Cross in Scotland. Of course Christ in this representation should not hold a crosier; it is only in the resurrection scene that Christ is represented with a staff or banner. Nevertheless, I think that although not properly correct, your font represents Christ trampling on dragons symbolizing evil and sin and it is most appropriate to place such an image on a font.’
The lack of imagination inherent in this assessment is only too evident. It is indeed possible that the sculptor, a simple ‘rustic’ as he (probably) was, misunderstood his model; but equally likely is that he did not. The fact that the figure is holding a crosier, therefore, must surely lend itself to the consideration that the figure is not, in fact, Christ at all. Likewise, although the head is clearly shaped after the fashion of the classic bishop’s ‘crook’ (symbolic of the cerebral spinal complex and the male spermatozoon, according to Michael Tsarion) being at its foot clearly sharpened to a point, this suggests the ‘crook’ may in fact be a spear. If this is the case, might not the figure be Michael, the archangel so beloved of the people of the West Country, and whose energy courses through the Avebury compex in the form of the famous Michael Line? Is he even trampling on the beasts? The most plausible explanation, as any child could tell you, is that he is lancing one of them, a la St Michael and St George.
The depiction of a similar scene on the Ruthwell Cross, which the professor mentions, is significantly different: not least because the figure is clearly in possession of feet. That this is not so in the case of the Avebury font is (I think) of enormous significance, as I will endeavour to demonstrate. A point I might have thought self-evident is that a man without feet is quite unlikely to be trampling any bugger, dragons or no.
Still at least Professor Zarnecki appears to have actually looked at the thing, which is more than I can say for Paul Broadhurst. Now far be it for me to slag off fellow representatives of the ‘mysteries genre’ (if I may put myself in that illustrious pigeon-hole) but Broadurst is way off-beam on this one. Unfortunately the clanger is dropped on the first page of his latest publication, The Green Man and the Dragon, which otherwise retains the same high standards as readers have come to expect. For him, the font depicts ‘two early bishops in an archaic Celtic style holding a book in one hand and a crosier in the other with which they spear dragons writhing underfoot.’ Underfoot is rather misleading (as this man has no feet) but at least it’s an improvement. Quite where the second ‘bishop’ materialised from, however, I am at a loss to say. I can only surmise that the Red Lion up the road did good business that day as Mr Broadhurst was quite clearly seeing double.
In Philip Gardiner and Gary Osborn’s recent article, they reproduce the words of a former vicar of the parish. He is quoting as saying:
‘On the ancient Norman font in Abury Church there is a mutilated figure, dressed apparently in the Druidical priestly garb, holding a crozier in one hand, and clasping an open book to his breast with the other… Two winged dragons or serpents are attacking and biting the feet of this figure on either side. May not this be designed to represent the triumph of Christianity over Druidism, in which there was MUCH VENERATION entertained for this serpent and serpent worship?”
The erstwhile journeymen then make their own observations, adding:
‘After spending many hours sat in the cool fusty air of the little church at Avebury, staring at the image, it is our view that the serpents “biting” the druids feet are actually subdued by the priest rather than attacking him.’
This may be an important distinction; as it is clear that in at least some depictions of the solar hero and the dragon, the spear is used not to kill but rather to tame. In The Dance of the Dragon, Paul Broadhurst gives as an example the carving below the tympanum at Chartres, which he believes (quite rightly) to contain ‘secret wisdom… encoded in a way that could be understood by the initiate.’ In that example, he says, Christ is not trampling the dragon: he is being supported by it. Clearly, this hints at a much more abstruse and satisfying understanding of the symbol than merely the triumph of good over evil.
However, this all pales into irrelevance when we recognize that the figure depicted is neither Christ, nor a Celtic bishop. Whatever is being conveyed by the image, it is done so in a language which is not- to my mind- derived from Christianity; or at the very least, a form which has anything in common with the bastardized ‘lifestyle’ which passes for Christianity today.
It is interesting that Broadhurst was not able to solve the puzzle, because his book The Green Man and the Dragon is entirely dedicated to exploring the symbiotic relationship between the two archetypes. In it, he makes reference to the ‘Green Bishop’ of Tintagel, a wood carving found ‘on the back of a Jacobean chair’ in the church of St. Mariana. He describes the figure ‘wearing a Celtic-style bishop’s hat, his body transforming into fronds of foliage.’ No mention of trampling here. Similarly, the merest act of looking will show that the Avebury ‘bishop’ also ‘transforms’ in precisely the same way. The figure, whoever he is (and I will answer this question below) is clearly not ‘trampling’ the serpents because he is those serpents. At the risk of sounding like a famous Monty Python sketch re: dead parrots, ‘this bishop has no legs.’ He is, if you will pardon the expression, a legless bishop. The serpents are very evidently extensions of his body; and the winding fronds of foliage are, in turn, extensions of the serpents.
The entire image is far from being a ‘rustic’ misinterpretation. It is, in fact, a very cogent depiction of humanity’s interconnection with the natural world and the realms of the unseen, which might fairly be described as Gnostic. An interesting image to be put on display in a ‘Christian’ church, one might think. But then ‘Christianity’ has always worshipped very different gods to the empty chimeras held up for public consumption.
We find confirmation of this idea in the Gnostic figure of Abraxas (also known as the Anguipede.) In this form, he is depicted with the body of a man, the head of a rooster and ‘legs fashioned like snakes.’ It is noteworthy that many descriptions of the Avebury font describe it as ‘heavily defaced’- and yet for something which is the best part of a thousand years old, it seems remarkably intact to me. I can only hope to look so good when I reach that age. No, the only part of the font which has suffered significant mutiliation is the ‘bishop’ himself: and then, only his head. This gives the figure a strange, dehumanized quality; and (intentionally or not) the semblance of a semi-humanoid Ankh. Was the reason the head was targeted in this way because, in its original form, it was quite clearly not that of a man? Was the non-Christian nature of the original figure so obvious to its ecclesiastical custodians it was necessary to amend it? Might it have depicted the head of a rooster?
Whether there is any basis in this speculation or not, Abraxas was also shown with the head of a king, so it is perfectly plausible that an identity with this figure was intended. Amongst the early Gnostics, Basilides used the name as a title for God: Basilides whose name is so reminiscent of basilisk, which genus of ‘mythological’ (or astral) beasts Abraxas is said to closely resemble. He claimed that the numerological value of the name Abraxas came to 365: a perfect image, we might think, for a church which sits just outside of Europe’s greatest Neolithic ritual centre; and calendar in stone? Abraxas is usually depicted brandishing a whip and shield. Look again at the ‘book’ our ‘bishop’ appears to be carrying. It is a stretch, yes, but might not the ‘book’ just as likely be a shield? (Albeit, I concede, a very small one.) It seems impossible to avoid the conclusion that there is unquestionably more to this ‘Christian’ artefact than meets the eye.
The origins of Abraxas are often claimed as Egypt, which will be of great interest to readers of my previous post, which attempted to explore the connections between the Judaism of the Essenes, Christianity and the cult of Aten. This ended by asking the question of who exactly is worshipped (under the name of God) in the Christian church? Might we have a possible candidate in the serpent-man (Superman) of Abraxas? There is much more to discover here; and I offer these thoughts in embryonic form merely. Yet the character of Abraxas was of sufficient importance to capture the spiritual imagination of Carl G Jung, described by Michael Tsarion as ‘one of the greatest intellects ever to grace this planet.’ In his Seven Sermons to the Dead (a channeled text that Jung attributed to Basilides) he writes:
‘Abraxas speaketh that hallowed and accursed word which is life and death at the same time. Abraxas begetteth truth and lying, good and evil, light and darkness in the same word and in the same act.’
In other words, a conception of diety which encompasses both good and evil, God and Demiurge. This association with the dual nature of reality is clearly borne out in the design of the font. Firstly, only one of the two serpents (the ‘legs’ of the snake-man) is being subdued. The point of Abraxas’s spear (or whip) hovers perilously above its eye, or is perhaps piercing its head. Its mouth appears to be wide open in pain. The serpent is completely enclosed within a bower or arch, from which further tendril-like fronts emerge. The second serpent (or ‘leg’) appears much more playful, more of a classical Oriental-looking ‘dragon.’ He even wears the faint traces of a smile. In marked contrast to serpent #1, this chap is free. His body is much longer, going through three complete ‘loops’ as he spirals through space: unenclosed, unrestricted. He is the venusian counterpart to his saturnian neighbour: Urizen, the god of restriction and control.
With the hem of the figure’s robe in his mouth- the serpent swallowing its own tail- Abraxas reminds us that both good and evil are necessary elements of experience within the infinite cycle of time. The Avebury font probably represents a Christianised form of these gnostic strands, drawn from an imagination with one serpent limb in the indigenous, mystical gnosis of old; and another in the contemporary church. Or was the early Norman church in these parts of Britain itself saturated in Gnosticism? Was that tendency ever really extinguished?
Might we even speculate that the image is a figure of rebellion? That the sculptor, like a Norman Leonardo, was only appearing to pay homage to Constantinian Christianity, whilst secretly betraying his Gnostic sympathies for those with eyes to see? If so, then the font is a worthy relic in this time of universal deceit.
A prayer to be spoken over the font:
‘The circle will be unbroken.
The leviathian will be defeated.
The cries of our brothers like voices from the dust will be avenged.
Victory to the English Intifada!
Death to the New World Order.
Amen, Amen, and again, Amen!
Truth will once again be established on the hill
And all the peoples of the earth will enter her.
Let it be so.
And so shall it be.’
Peace to all.












